{"id":1607,"date":"2021-12-29T09:52:48","date_gmt":"2021-12-29T06:52:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/?page_id=1607"},"modified":"2021-12-29T09:52:49","modified_gmt":"2021-12-29T06:52:49","slug":"izuchenie-istorii-krymskix-karaimov-v-otechestvennoj-i-zarubezhnoj-istoriografii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/arxiv-2015-g\/vypusk-xxvi-2021-g\/izuchenie-istorii-krymskix-karaimov-v-otechestvennoj-i-zarubezhnoj-istoriografii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-US\" align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>The Study of the History of the Crimean Karaites in the Home and Foreign Historiography<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><b>JOURNAL:<\/b><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria, 2021, Volume XXVI<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>Publication text (PDF):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/33_\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #0070c0;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Download<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-US\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>AUTHORS:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>Prokhorov Dmitry \u0410., <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>TYPE: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Article<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>DOI: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37279\/2413-189\u0425.2021.26.629-655\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">https:\/\/doi.org\/<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">10.37279\/2413-189\u0425.2021.26.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">629-655<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>PAGES: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">from <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">629<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u00a0to <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">655<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>STATUS: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Published<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>LANGUAGE: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Russian<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><b>KEYWORDS: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Crimea, Karaites, history and main aspects of its study, home and foreign historiography<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> This work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment No.\u00a0FZEG-2020-0029 \u201cThe Byzantine Empire\u2019s Influence on Historical Processes in the Mediaeval Crimea\u201d supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-US\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ABSTRACT (ENGLISH):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Researchers\u2019 attention to the past of the Crimean Karaites comes from the fact that this problem, despite considerable home and foreign historiography, has never been analysed comprehensively. The turn to the history of the Karaites is of pronounced scholarly significance, since so far it has not only been the subject of scholarly debate, but is often accompanied by non-scientific speculation and polemics. Moreover, the studies of a number of cases and episodes of the Karaites\u2019 past are biased and accompanied by a deliberate distortion of many historical facts and events. This refers primarily to such problems as the ethnogenesis of the Karaites, the chronology of their appearance in the Crimea, the dogmatic principles and features of the Karaite religion, the specificity of educational, cultural, and economic contacts with the Muslim population, as well as with the Jewish communities confessing Rabbinic Judaism. Despite the obvious achievements of Russian and foreign specialists in the Oriental Studies, many problems related with the history of the Karaites lay out of their sight. There is a number of publications presenting historical and ethnological observations outdated from the point of view of modern research. As early as in the pre-revolutionary historiography, the problem of the ethnogenesis of the Karaites and their appearance in the Northern Black Sea Area was addressed, which eventually led to the emergence of several academic theories of the Karaites ethnogenesis providing varying degrees of argumentation (A. Ia. Garkavi, V. V. Grigor\u2019ev, I. I. Kazas, V. D. Smirnov, D. A. Khvol\u2019son, S. M. Shapshal, and others). Along with the legal collisions over the legal status of the Karaites and the Rabbinic Jews, the said discussion contributed to the separation of the Crimean Jewish communities and finally led to the de-Judaization of the Karaites and their loss of ethnic and confessional identity. In Soviet historiography, the history of the Karaites was silenced; serious researches discussing this subject appeared only in the late 1980s. There was a number of works examining the problems of the Karaites (V. L. Vikhnovich, M. I. Gammal, A. G. Gertsen, M. B. Kizilov, V. V. Lebedev, M. Ia. Medvedeva, and A. M. Fedorchuk). The achievements of Western historiography are published by T. Ankori, G. Akhiezer, F. Miller, J. Olszowy-Schlanger, and D. Shapira. Simultaneously, along with the works of professional historians, orientalists, ethnographers, and archaeologists, there appeared a large amount of local and nationally oriented publications with pseudoscientific theories of the origin, culture, and religious customs of the Karaites of the Crimea.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f 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\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 XIX\u00a0\u0432. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e 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\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u00ab\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0421. \u0424\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0424.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0410. \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043d, \u0424.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041a. \u0411\u0440\u0443\u043d, \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u042f. \u0413\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u042f. \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u042d. \u0414\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434, \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0410. \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0420.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0425. \u041b\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440, \u0412.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412.\u00a0\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0412.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0414. \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0421. \u0423\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0414.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0410.\u00a0\u0425\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d, \u0413.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041b. \u0428\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a, \u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0445.<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0412.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0414.\u00a0\u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0412.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412.\u00a0\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432., \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b). \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">,<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"> \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0421.\u00a0\u0424\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 [69, \u0441.\u00a046, 47, 56\u201364].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIII \u0432. \u0412 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0423\u043b\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0443\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 1453 \u0433. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 [69, \u0441. 89\u201391].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432. \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0422\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f (\u0422\u0423\u0410\u041a), \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f 24 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1887\u00a0\u0433. \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0421 \u0422\u0423\u0410\u041a, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 (\u0422\u041e\u0418\u0410\u0438\u042d), \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044b: \u041e.\u00a0\u0410\u043a\u0447\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u0423.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0410.\u00a0\u0411\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041f.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0418.\u00a0\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0418.\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u0418.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0418. \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0441, \u0418.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0421.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u044f, \u0424.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0424.\u00a0\u041b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0410.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0418.\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u041f.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412.\u00a0\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0412.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0414. \u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0421.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041c.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0448\u0430\u043b, \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 [65, \u0441. 162\u2013177].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX\u00a0\u0432. \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e- \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c\u00bb, \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u00bb \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c [66, \u0441.\u00a0141\u2013169].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412 1920\u20131930-\u0435 \u0433\u0433. \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00abMy\u015bl Karaimska\u00bb (\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c\u00bb), \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441 1924 \u043f\u043e 1939 \u0433\u0433. \u0432 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e (\u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u0441\u0435) \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0412\u0440\u043e\u0446\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435 (\u0432 1946\u20131947 \u0433\u0433.). \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0410.\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u2013 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435-\u0442\u044e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0419.\u00a0\u0412\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0422. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0422.\u00a0\u0421. \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438-\u0411\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u041c. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0421.\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0434\u0440. [87, \u0441. 315\u2013321]. \u0421 1931\u00a0\u0433. \u0432 \u041b\u0443\u0446\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0410.\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 (1875\u20131944) \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00abKaraj Awazy\u00bb (\u00ab\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u00bb).<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c <a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0432_\u041c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u042f.\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0420\u0443\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439,_\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439_\u0417\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\">\u0421.\u00a0\u0420\u0443\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/a>, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1938\">1938<\/a>\u00a0\u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e 12 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f 1920\u20131940-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u042f. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0421.\u00a0\u0428\u0438\u0448\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c [110], \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438, \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434, \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c, \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432 1972 \u0433. [111; 112]. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0428\u0438\u0448\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0432 1930-\u0435 \u0433\u0433. \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00abMy\u015bl Karaimska\u00bb, \u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421.\u00a0\u0428\u0438\u0448\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 80-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. XX \u0432., \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432; \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00abBulletin d\u2019etudes Karaites\u00bb (\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb) [121].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u0412\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 1944 \u0433. \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0433\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440, \u0430\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u041d \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 (1952\u00a0\u0433.), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440, \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430\u00bb [9, \u0441. 182]. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0411.\u00a0\u0410. \u0420\u044b\u0431\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1920\u20131930 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439\u00bb; \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e 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\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u041b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1980-\u0445 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1990-\u0445 \u0433\u0433., \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 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\u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 [82, \u0441. 79\u201387].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u041c.\u00a0\u0421.\u00a0\u041a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041d.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0410.\u00a0\u041b.\u00a0\u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0414.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0410.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 XIV \u2013\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 XIX \u0432. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 [49, \u0441. 76\u201394; 78, \u0441. 212\u2013227; 98, p. 11\u201335; 99, p. 37\u201382; 37, \u0441. 65\u201371; 38, \u0441. 239\u2013277]. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u0412.\u00a0\u0413.\u00a0\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443 [28, \u0441. 97\u2013108; 29, \u0441. 180\u2013189]. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u041d.\u00a0\u0410.\u00a0\u0414\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u041d.\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0443\u043a, \u0415.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u042e.\u00a0\u0410.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u044e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c [26, \u0441.\u00a0184\u2013192; 75, \u0441.\u00a0217\u2013226; 36, \u0441. 74\u201381].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 XIX \u0432. \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0412.\u00a0\u0410.\u00a0\u041a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u041c.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u041a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b\u00bb, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 XIX \u0432. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1783\u00a0\u0433. 97 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 [50, \u0441. 54], \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0424.\u00a0\u0424.\u00a0\u041b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u041a \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0422\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XIX \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0424.\u00a0\u0424.\u00a0\u041b\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0432 1783 \u0433. (97 \u0438\u0437 953), \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f [51, \u0441. 103, 104, 122, 123]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b \u041c.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c. \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0427\u0443\u0444\u0443\u0442-\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0435, \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430, \u0410\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0438, \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435-\u041a\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 [41\u201344; 107; 108]. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u044c\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u041c.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u041e.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u0411\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c [6, \u0441. 30\u201335; 7, \u0441. 105\u2013121]. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u2013 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c) \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0420\u0410\u041d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 1929 \u0433. \u0435\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439-\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u00bb, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u041b.\u00a0\u042f.\u00a0\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0435\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 93 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 [56, \u0441. 89\u2013102]. \u041b.\u00a0\u042f. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0418.\u00a0\u0418.\u00a0\u042d\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430 [57, \u0441.\u00a042\u201346]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0412.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0412\u0438\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u0412.\u00a0\u041b.\u00a0\u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u0410.\u00a0\u0421.\u00a0\u0424\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 [13; 14, \u0441. 130\u2013140; 52, \u0441. 10\u201321; 53, \u0441. 57\u201363; 54, \u0441. 32\u201344]. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u00ab\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430\u00bb (\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438), \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 2016 \u0433. \u041a.\u00a0\u042e.\u00a0\u0411\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c (\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u041c.\u00a0\u0411. \u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430), \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0413\u0411. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432. \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u041e\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. [45]. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044e \u041d.\u00a0\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0430\u043f\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0445\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 1976\u00a0\u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043c. \u041c.\u00a0\u0415.\u00a0\u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0429\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 [77, \u0441. 85].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u0433.\u00a0\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u041c.\u00a0\u0418.\u00a0\u0413\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 XIX\u00a0\u0432. [17\u201321]. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0411.\u00a0\u0415.\u00a0\u0420\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c X\u2013XVI \u0432\u0432. [70, \u0441. 152\u2013166]. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0414.\u00a0\u0417. \u0424\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0414.\u00a0\u0418. \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u041a.\u00a0\u0413.\u00a0\u041a\u0430\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XVIII \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XX \u0432. [79, \u0441. 493\u2013506; 80, \u0441. 130\u2013155; 81].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0418\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0426. \u0410\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438 [2, \u0441. 255\u2013304; 95], \u0424.\u00a0\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 [113; 114, p.\u00a082\u201388], \u0414.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 [83\u201386; 119; 120], \u0413.\u00a0\u0410\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440 [3\u20135; 90\u201394], \u042e.\u00a0\u041e\u043b\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0438-\u0428\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440 [117; 118], \u0418. \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f [96, p. 57\u201367], \u041f. \u041b\u044e\u043a\u043a\u0430 [109, \u0440. 69\u201390], \u0422.\u00a0\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 [100\u2013102], \u0415.\u00a0\u041a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 [46, c. 181\u2013199], \u0425.\u00a0\u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e [103; 104], \u041e.\u00a0\u0412.\u00a0\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. [10, \u0441.\u00a0217\u2013238; 63]. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XVIII \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XIX \u0432., \u0413.\u00a0\u0410\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440 (\u0410\u0440\u0438\u044d\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c) \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043a \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 [4]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u0440-\u0418\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0414.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 (\u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442-\u0413\u0430\u043d, \u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c). \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u041f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044c \u043e \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u043f\u0435\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0414.\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0\u0413\u0443\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043c [83, \u0441. 283\u2013294]. \u0410\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0410.\u00a0\u0421.\u00a0\u0424\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0414.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 [84, \u0441. 533\u2013555; 85, \u0441. 102\u2013130; 119; 120, p. 156\u2013169]. \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u042e.\u00a0\u041e\u043b\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0438-\u0428\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f [117; 118]. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0422.\u00a0\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0413. \u0425\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d [102, p. 267\u2013282]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041c.\u00a0\u041d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 [60; 61, \u0441.\u00a029\u201350; 115, p. 237\u2013261; 116, p. 120\u2013147]. \u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u041e.\u00a0\u042e.\u00a0\u041c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 [58]. \u0412 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0410.\u00a0\u041a\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c) \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 [35;<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">39, \u0441. 65\u201375; 40, \u0441. 39\u201342; 73].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0433\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445), \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 2002 \u0433. \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043c\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430: \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u00bb, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 2002 \u0433. \u0432\u043e \u041b\u044c\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u041e.\u00a0\u0411. \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439, \u0410. \u041a\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u041c.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0414.\u00a0\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0425. \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. [34]. \u0412 2003\u00a0\u0433. \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u00abBrill\u00bb (\u041d\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b) \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u00abKaraite Judaism. A Guide to Its History and Literary Sources\u00bb (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c.\u00a0\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043a), \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0413.\u00a0\u0410\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440, \u0411.\u00a0\u0412\u043e\u043b\u0444\u0438\u0448\u0430, \u041c. \u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0424.\u00a0\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0435 [105]. \u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u00ab\u0418\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439\u00bb (\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0410.\u00a0\u0411. \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043d), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 2015 \u0433. \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0413\u0423 \u0438\u043c. \u041c.\u00a0\u0412. \u041b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 [30]. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\u00bb (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u2013\u0418\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043c, 2010), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f. \u0412 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u0413.\u00a0\u0410\u0445\u0438\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440, \u041c.\u00a0\u0418. \u0413\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043b, \u0414. \u0428\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430 [3, \u0441. 292\u2013320; 18, \u0441. 204\u2013223; 86, \u0441. 13\u201343]. \u0412 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u00abStudia Anthropologica\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0430 \u041c.\u00a0\u0410.\u00a0\u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1980-\u0445 \u0433\u0433., \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438), \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0414.\u00a0\u0412\u0430\u0441\u044e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410.\u00a0\u0421.\u00a0\u0424\u0438\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 1642\u20131771 \u0433\u0433. \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b [11, \u0441. 143\u2013173].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0438: \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 2013\u00a0\u0433. \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0443. \u0412 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041c.\u00a0\u0418.\u00a0\u0413\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e 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<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0412 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 2018 \u0433. \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0438\u00bb [33] \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b 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\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u0412 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 2011 \u0433. \u041c.\u00a0\u0411.\u00a0\u041a\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0411.\u00a0\u0412\u043e\u043b\u0444\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 [106].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0426\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u00bb (\u00abTsaytshrift\u00a0\/\u00a0\u010casopis\u00bb), \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0433\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2011 \u0433. \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00abSocial sciences, humanities and higher education in Eastern Europe after 1991\u00bb. \u0415\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u0441\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XXI \u0432. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0426\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u00bb \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0426\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0448\u0440\u044b\u0444\u0442\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0411\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u0432 1926\u20131931 \u0433\u0433. [122]. \u0412 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u2013 \u0414. \u0429\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u0412. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0414.\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0412. \u0415\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u0410. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00abKwartalnik Historii \u017byd\u00f3w\u00bb (\u00ab\u0415\u0436\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438\u00bb), \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 2001 \u0433. \u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0435. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u00abBiuletyn \u017bydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego\u00bb (\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u00bb), \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441 1949 \u0433. (\u0434\u043e 1950 \u0433. \u00abBiuletyn\u00bb \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u0435, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u0415\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u00bb). \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u00abKwartalnik Historii \u017byd\u00f3w\u00bb \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 [123]. \u0412 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u00abAwazymyz\u00bb (\u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0448 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\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 2016 \u0433. \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 X\u2013XV \u0432\u0432. \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0421.\u00a0\u041c.\u00a0\u042f\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u041a \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c 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\u0422.\u00a0\u0413.\u00a0\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u0418\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XVIII \u2013 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 XIX\u00a0\u0432.\u00bb \u0438 \u0415.\u00a0\u0410. \u0412\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044c XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u00bb, \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 [74; 12]. \u0412 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0414.\u00a0\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 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\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u044f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0412 2019 \u0433. \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XVIII \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b: \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 XVIII \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430)\u00bb, \u0430 \u0432 2020 \u0433. \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00bb [67\u201369]. \u0412 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u2013 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XX \u0432. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d \u041a\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0423\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0413\u0435\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 XVIII \u2013 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 XX \u0432., \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"en-US\" align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #5b9bd5;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>References<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Abakumova E.V. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Pravovoe polozhenie evreev v Rossiiskoi imperii v kontse XVIII \u2013 nachale XIX vv.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">[The legal status of Jews in the Russian Empire at the end of the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> \u2013 on the beginning of the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> centuries]. Text of kandidat. diss. Moscow, 2014, 361 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ankori C. Krymskie karaimy i hazary (iz knigi \u00abProishozhdenie karaimov v Vizantii\u00bb) Crimean Karaites and Khazars (from the book \u201cThe Origin of the Karaites in Byzantium\u201d). Vihnovich V.L. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaim Avraam Firkovich: Evreiskie rukopisi. Istoriia. Puteschestviia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaim Avraham Firkovich: Jewish Manuscripts. History. Travels], St.-Petersburg, Akademija issledovanija kul\u2019tury Publ., 2012, pp. 255\u2013304. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ahiezer G. Karaites of the Polish-Lithuanian state until the end of the 17<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century. Kulik A. (ed.),<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> Istoriia evreiskogo naroda v Rossii: ot drevnosti do rannego Novogo vremeni <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[History of the Jewish people in Russia: from Antiquity to Early Modern times], vol. 1, Jerusalem, Gesharim Publ., Moscow, Mosty kul\u2019tury Publ., 2010, pp. 292\u2013320. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ahiezer G. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Zavoevanie Kryma Rossiiskoi Imperiei glazami karaimskih khronistov <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[The conquest of Crimea by the Russian Empire through the eyes of Karaite chroniclers]. Jerusalem, Gesharim Publ., Moscow, Mosty kul\u2019tury Publ., 2015, 240 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ahiezer G. Karaite and Rabbanite scribes of the Genoese Kaffa period based on materials from manuscript collections. El\u2019jashevich V.A., Kizilov<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">M.B. (eds.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaimy Feodosii: istoriia, religiia, kul\u2019tura <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites of Feodosia: history, religion, culture], Simferopol, Feodosia, Tavrida Publ., 2018, pp. 12\u201322. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Belyi O.B. From the history of the Karaite community of Crimea at the end of the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 in the beginning of 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century. Based on materials from the fund of the Tauride and Odessa Karaite spiritual government at the Central State Archive of Crimea. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Krymskii muzei <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Crimean Museum], Simferopol, Tavria Publ., 1994, vol. 1, pp. 30\u201335.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Belyi O.B. A review of archival documents on the history of the Karaite community in the first half of the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century (based on the materials of the Taurida and Odessa Karaite spiritual government in the GAARK). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Krymskii muzei: 1995\u20131996<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Crimean Museum: 1995\u20131996], Simferopol, 1996, pp. 105\u2013121. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Berdiev Sh.I. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaimy: problemy etnokul\u2019turnoi i etnoiazykovoi identifikatsii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites: problems of ethnocultural and ethno-linguistic identification]. Abstract of of kandidat. diss. Nal\u2019chik, 2012, 22 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Braichevs\u2019kii M. Crimean session of 1952. Richka V., Tolochko O. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ruthenica,<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> Kyev, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 175\u2013184. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vasil\u2019eva O.V. Oriental manuscript funds of the Russian National Library. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Pis\u2019mennye pamiatniki Vostoka <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Written monuments of the East], 2005, vol. 1, pp.\u00a0217\u2013238. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vasiutinskaia D. Mangup-Qal\u2019eh Jewish Community Documents in the First Firkowicz Collection. Fedorchuk A.M., Chlenova S.F.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"> (<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">eds<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Studia Anthropologica: sbornik statei v chest\u2019 M.A. Chlenova <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Collection of articles in honor of M.A. Chlenov],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Moscow, Mosty kul\u2019tury Publ., Jerusalem, Gesharim Publ., 2010, pp. 143\u2013173.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vishlenkova E.A. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Religioznaia politika v Rossii, pervaia chetvert\u2019 19 veka <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Religious policy in Russia, first quarter of the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century]. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Text of <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">doctor. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">diss<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Kazan, 1998, 466 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vikhnovich V.L. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaim Avraam Firkovich: evreiskie rukopisi. Istoriia. Puteshestviia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaim Avraham Firkovich: Jewish manuscripts. History. Travels]. St.-Petersburg, Akademija issledovanija kul\u2019tury Publ., 2012, 368 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vikhnovich V.L., Lebedev V.V. The riddle of 15,000 ancient manuscripts. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Materials in archaeology, history and ethnography of Tauria], Simferopol, 1992, vol. 2, pp. 130\u2013140. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gavrilenkov A.F. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Politika gosudarstvennoi vlasti Rossiiskoi imperii v otnoshenii Pravoslavnoi tserkvi, inoslavnyh konfessii i avraamicheskikh (nekhristianskikh) veroispovedanii v 1721\u20131917 gg.; sushchnost\u2019, printsipy, evoliutsiia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[The policy of the state power of the Russian Empire in relation to the Orthodox Church, heterodox confessions and Abrahamic (non-Christian) religions in 1721\u20131917; essence, principles, evolution]. Abstract of doctor. diss. Moscow, 2010, 44 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gavrilov A.V., Maiko V.V. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Srednevekovoe gorodishche Solkhat-Krym: Materialy k arkheologicheskoi karte goroda Staryi Krym <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Medieval settlement Solkhat-Crimea: Materials for the archaeological map of the city of Old Crimea]. Simferopol, Biznes-Inform Publ., 2014, 212 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gammal M. Reforms of the traditional ritual of the Karaites of the Russian Empire in the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 early 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries. Belova O.V. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>\u00abStaroe\u00bb i \u00abnovoe\u00bb v slavjanskoj i evrejskoj kul\u2019turnoj tradicii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[\u201cOld\u201d and \u201cnew\u201d in the Slavic and Jewish cultural tradition], Moscow, 2012, pp. 85\u2013102. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gammal M. Karaites in the Russian Empire. Lur\u2019e I. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istoriia evreiskogo naroda v Rossii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[History of the Jewish people in Russia], vol. 2, Moscow, Mosty kul\u2019tury Publ., Jerusalem, Gesharim Publ., 2012, pp. 204\u2013223. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gammal M. Karaite historiography in the first half of the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century on the example of the polemical works of A.S. Firkovich. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Novye issledovaniia po evreiskoi istorii. Materialy XIX Mezhdunarodnoi ezhegodnoi konferentsii po iudaike <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[New research on Jewish history. Materials of the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> International Annual Conference on Jewish Studies],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Moscow, 2012, vol. 3, pp. 288\u2013305. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gammal M.I. Intellectuals versus pragmatists: Polish Karaites in Crimea. Zelenina G. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Evrei: drugaia istoriia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Jews: another story], Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2013, pp. 265\u2013286. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gammal M.I. Karaites and empire: the liberation of the Karaites from conscription in 1827. Kovelman A.B. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Izrail\u2019 drevnii i novyi. Izdanie Instituta stran Azii i Afriki MGU im. M.V. Lomonosova. Trudy Kafedry iudaiki <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Ancient and new Israel. Publishing House of the Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov. Proceedings of the Department of Judaica], Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2015, vol. 1, pp. 144\u2013165. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gertsen A.G. Archaeological research of Karaite monuments in Crimea. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Materials in archaeology, history and ethnography of Tauria],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Simferopol, 1998, vol. 6, pp. 744\u2013751. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gertsen A.G. At the origins of the Jewish community of Mangup. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>IV Bosporskie chteniia. Bospor Kimmeriiskii i varvarskii mir v period antichnosti i srednevekov\u2019ia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Bosporus Cimmerian and barbarian world in the period of antiquity and the Middle Ages. Materials of the IV Bosporus readings], Kerch, 2003, pp. 69\u201379. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gertsen A.G., Mogarichev Iu.M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kyrk-Er \u2013 Chufut-Kale. Krepost\u2019 na kraiu sed\u2019mogo klimata: Issledovanie. Putevoditel\u2019. Al\u2019bom <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en\">Kyrk-Er &#8211; Chufut-Kale. A Fortress at the Edge of Climate Seven: An Exploration. Guide. Album<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">]. Simferopol, Antikva Publ., 2016, 312 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Gertsen A.G., Naumenko V.E. Towards a discussion about the early ethnic history of the Crimean Karaites: an archaeological aspect. Laptev Iu.N., Naumenko L.A. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Etnografiia Kryma XIX\u2013XXI vv. i sovremennye etnokul&#8217;turnye protsessy. Tezisy IV Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Ethnography of the Crimea in the 19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 21<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">st<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries and modern ethnocultural processes. Abstracts of the 4<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> International scientific and practical conference],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Simferopol, Antikva Publ., 2017, pp. 21\u201323. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Davydova N.A. The attitude of the Soviet authorities to the ministers of religious cults in Sevastopol in 1920\u20131930. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>V poiskah utrachennogo edinstva <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[In search of the lost unity], Simferopol, Krymskij arhiv Publ., 2005, pp. 184\u2013192. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Duvan S.E. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ia liubliu Evpatoriiu <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[I love Evpatoria]. Simferopol, Feniks Publ., 2013, 204 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Zarubin V.G. Solomon Crimea and the second Crimean regional government (1918\u20131919). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istoricheskoe nasledie Kryma <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Historical heritage of Crimea], Simferopol, 2005, vol. 10, pp. 97\u2013108. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Zarubin V.G. Karaites \u2013 Victims of the Red Terror during the Civil War in Crimea. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Trudy po evreiskoi istorii i kul\u2019ture. Materialy XXI Ezhegodnoi Mezhdunarodnoi Mezhdistsiplinarnoi konferentsii po iudaike <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Works on Jewish History and Culture Materials of the 21<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">st<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference on Jewish Studies], Moscow, 2014, pp. 180\u2013189.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kovelman A.B. (ed.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Izrail\u2019 drevnii i novyi: trudy kafedry iudaistiki Instituta stran Azii i Afriki MGU <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Israel ancient and new: works of the Department of Judaism of Institute of Asian and African countries of Moscow State University], Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2015, 206 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kaplanov R.M. On the history of the Karaite literary language. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Malye i dispersnye etnicheskie gruppy v Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Small and dispersed ethnic groups in the European part of the USSR]. Moscow, 1985, pp. 95\u2013106.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kaplanov R.M., Gammal M.I. New about the pronunciation of Hebrew among the Karaites of Eastern Europe. Mochalova V. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Rashid<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Muradovich Kaplanov: Trudy. Interv\u2019iu. Vospominaniia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Rashid Muradovich Kaplanov: Proceedings. Interview. Memories], Moscow, Probel-2000 Publ., 2011, pp. 160\u2013165. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">El\u2019iashevich V.A., Kizilov M.B. (eds.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaimy Feodosii: istoriia, religiia, kul\u2019tura <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites of Feodosia: history, religion, culture], Simferopol, Feodosia, Tavrida Publ., 2018, 376 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kara<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>my Galycha: <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>stor<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>ia ta kul\u2019tura. Mater<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>aly m<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>zhnarodno<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> konferents<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites of Halych: History and Culture. Proceedings of the International Conference], L\u2019v<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0456<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">v, Galych, Prost<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0456<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">r-M Publ., 2002, 158 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Iurchenko I., Kefeli O., Iurchenko N., Beregovsky O. (eds.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kara<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>ms\u2019ke kladovyshche b<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>lia Galycha: Katalog nadmogil\u2019nyh pam\u2019iatnyk<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>v <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaite cemetery near Halych: Catalog of tombstones]. L\u2019v<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0456<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">v, Galych, Spolom Publ., 2000, 256 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Katunina E.V., Katunin Iu.A. The reasons for the liquidation of the Karaite religious communities in the 1940s\u20131960s. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kul\u2019tura narodov Prichernomor\u2019ia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Culture of the peoples of the Black Sea region],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Simferopol, 2005, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">v<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">ol. 62, pp. 74\u201381. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kashovskaia N.V. Karaite collection of funds of the State Museum of the History of Religion. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Works of State Museum of the History of Religion,<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> St. Petersburg, 2015, pp. 65\u201371. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kashovskaia N.V. On the results of the study of the Karaite necropolis in the Tabana-dere gorge (Mangup): problems of chronology and periodization. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Materials in archaeology, history and ethnography of Tauria], Simferopol, 2017, vol. 22, pp. 239\u2013277.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kefeli A. On the formation of global Karaite scholarly thought in the regions of modern Western Ukraine and Lithuania. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kara<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>my Galycha: <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>stor<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>ia ta kul\u2019tura. Mater<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>aly m<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>zhnarodno<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> konferents<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites of Halych: History and Culture. Proceedings of the International Conference], L\u2019v<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0456<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">v, Galych, Prost<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u0456<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">r-M Publ., 2002, pp. 65\u201375.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kefeli A. The role of the Karaite communities in Jerusalem, Constantinople, Crimea, Lithuania and Poland in the development of Karaite and world literature. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Caraimica: Quarterly Review \/ International Institute of the Crimean Karaites, <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Slipperi-Rock, Simferopol, 2007, vol. 1, pp. 39\u201342. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M.B. Karaite community of Gezlev (Evpatoria) in the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u201319<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries according to eyewitnesses. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tirosh: Trudy po iudaike <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Tirosh: Works on Jewish Studies], Moscow, 2001, vol. 5, pp. 245\u2013256. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M.B. To the history of the Karaite community of Mangup. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vestnik Evreiskogo universiteta <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Bulletin of the Jewish University], 2002, vol. 7 (25), pp. 113\u2013122.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M.B. On the history of little-known Karaite communities of the Crimean Peninsula. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tirosh: Trudy po iudaike <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Tirosh: Works on Jewish Studies], Moscow, 2003, vol. 6, pp. 127\u2013140. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Krymskaia Iudeia: Ocherki istorii evreev, khazar, karaimov i krymchakov v Krymu s antichnykh vremen i do nashikh dnei <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Crimean Judea: Essays on the history of Jews, Khazars, Karaites and Krymchaks in Crimea from ancient times to the present day]. Simferopol, Dolia Publ., 2011, 336 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Burmistrov K.Iu. (ed.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Knigi karaimov Kryma: katalog vystavki knig iz fondov Rossiiskoi gosudarstvennoi biblioteki <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Books of the Karaites of Crimea: catalog of the exhibition of books from the holdings of the Russian State Library]. Moscow, RGB Publ., 2016, 79 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kotliar E. The Karaite community of Kharkov and the \u201cFamily nest\u201d of the Karaites in Crimea: the experience of studying historical and architectural ties. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Paralleli: russko-evreiskii istoriko-literaturnyi i bibliograficheskii al\u2019manakh <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Parallels: Russian-Jewish historical, literary and bibliographic almanac], Moscow, 2007, vol. 8\u20139, pp. 181\u2013199.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kramarovskii M.G. Religious communities in the history and culture of Solkhat 13<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u201314<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Archeologia abrahamica: issledovaniia v oblasti arkheologii i khudozhestvennoi traditsii iudaizma, khristianstva i islama <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Archeologia abrahamica: Research in the Archeology and Artistic Tradition of Judaism, Christianity and Islam],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2009, pp. 395\u2013431.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kramarovskii M.G. Solkhat Judaica. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost\u2019 <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[East. Afro-Asian Societies: Past and Present], Moscow, 2016, vol. 5, pp. 6\u201324.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kupovetskii M.S. Dynamics of the number and settlement of Karaites and Krymchaks over the past two hundred years. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Geografiia i kul&#8217;tura etnograficheskikh grupp tatar v SSSR <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Geography and culture of ethnographic groups of Tatars in the USSR], Moscow, 1983, pp. 76\u201394. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kutaisov V.A., Kutaisova M.V. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Evpatoriia: Drevnii mir. Srednie veka. Novoe vremia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Eupatoria: Ancient World. Middle Ages. New time]. Kiev, Stilos Publ., 2007, 284 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lashkov F.F. Statistical information about Crimea, reported by the Kaymakans in 1783. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Zapiski Odesskogo obshchestva istorii i drevnostei <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Notes of the Odessa society of history and antiquities], Odessa, 1886, Vol. 14, pp. 92\u2013156.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lebedev V.V. From the history of the formation of the collection of oriental manuscripts of the State Public Library. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vostochnyi sbornik <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Oriental collection], 1990, vol. 4, pp. 10\u201321.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lebedev V.V. To the source study assessment of some of the manuscripts of A.S. Firkovich. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Palestinskii sbornik <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Palestinian Collection], Leningrad, 1987, vol. 29, pp. 57\u201363.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lebedev V.V. New data on the gathering activity of A.S. Firkovich. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vostochnyi sbornik<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Oriental Collection], 1990, vol. 4, pp. 32\u201344. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">L\u2019vov A.L. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Prostonarodnoe dvizhenie iudeistvuiushchikh v Rossii XVIII\u2013XX vekov: metodologicheskie aspekty etnograficheskogo izucheniia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Common People\u2019s Movement of Judaizers in Russia in the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries: Methodological Aspects of Ethnographic Study]. Text of kandidat. diss. St.-Petersburg, 2007, 239 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Medvedeva L.Ia. On the collection of Karaite and Krymchak manuscripts in the Leningrad Region of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Sovetskaia tiurkologiia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Soviet Turkology],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Moscow, 1988, no. 6, pp. 89\u2013102.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Medvedeva L.Ia. The literary heritage of the Karaite poet I.I. Erak. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Sovetskaia tiurkologiia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Soviet Turkology], 1977, no. 2, pp. 42\u201346.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Minkina O.Iu. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>\u201cSyny Rahili\u201d: evreiskie deputaty v Rossiiskoi imperii, 1772\u20131825 <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[\u201cSons of Rachel\u201d: Jewish Deputies in the Russian Empire, 1772\u20131825]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2011, 344 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Mogarichev Iu.M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>\u201cPeshhernye goroda\u201d Gornoi Iugo-Zapadnoi Tavriki v opisanii A.S. Uvarova <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[\u201cCave cities\u201d of the Mountain South-West Taurica in the description of A.S. Uvarova). Simferopol, Biznes-Inform Publ., 2019, 344 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Nosonovskii M.I. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Evreiskie epigraficheskie pamiatniki Vostochnoi Evropy <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Hebrew epigraphic monuments from East Europe], Boston, 2002, 170 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Nosonovskii M., Shabarovskii V. Karaite community of the XVI\u2013XVIII centuries in Derazhny in Volyn. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vestnik Evreiskogo universiteta v Moskve<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Bulletin of the Hebrew University in Moscow], Moscow, 2004, vol. 9 (27), pp. 29\u201350.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Radlov V. (ed.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Obrazcy narodnoi literatury severnykh tiurkskikh plemen: v 10 ch. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Samples of folk literature of the northern Turkic tribes: at 10 parts], vol. 7, St.-Petersburg, Akademia nauk Publ., 1896, XVIII, 408, 507 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Vasil\u2019eva O., Zaikovskii B., Kantsedikas A. (eds.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ornament drevneevreiskikh rukopisei <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Hebrew manuscript ornament]. Moscow, Tel\u2019-Aviv, RGB Publ., 2003, 137 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Primakov D.Ia. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Osobennosti evreiskoi pravovoi sistemy: sravnenie evreiskogo i musul\u2019manskogo prava (VII\u2013XIII vv.) <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Features of the Jewish legal system: comparison of Jewish and Muslim law (7<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u201313<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries)]. Text of candidat. diss. St.-Petersburg, 2011, 154 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Prokhorov D.A. Activities of TUAK\u2013TOIAE on the study of history, ethnocultural and confessional traditions of the Crimean Karaites (1887\u20131930). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istoricheskoe nasledie Kryma <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Historical heritage of Crimea], Simferopol, 2007, vol. 19, pp. 162\u2013177.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Prokhorov D.A. Folklore plots and motives on the pages of Karaite periodicals of the mid-19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 on early 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries. Belova O.V. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ustnoe i knizhnoe v slavianskoi i evreiskoi kul\u2019turnoi traditsii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Oral and book in the Slavic and Jewish cultural tradition], Moscow, 2013, pp. 141\u2013169.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Prokhorov D.A. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaimy v Rossiiskoi imperii v kontse XVIII \u2013 nachale XX veka <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaites in the Russian Empire at the end of the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 beginning of the 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> century]. Simferopol, Antikva Publ., 2019, 632 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Prokhorov D.A.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">,<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Voronkov S.M., Kuzin V.A.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaimskie obshhiny: biografii, fakty i dokumenty (konets XVIII \u2013 nachalo XX veka) <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Karaite communities: biographies, facts and documents (late 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 early 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries]. Simferopol, Antikva Publ., 2019, 456 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Prokhorov D.A. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Krymskie karaimy v epohu Srednevekov\u2019ja i v Novoe vremja <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Crimean Karaites in the Middle Ages and in Modern Times]. Text of doctor. diss. Simferopol, 2020, 773 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Rashkovskii B.E. \u201cBefore the Genoese\u2026\u201d Letter to A.S. Firkovich M.S. Vorontsov about the time of the emergence of the Crimean Karaite community. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost\u2019 <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Vostok. Afro-Asian Societies: Past and Present], 2018, vol. 1, pp. 152\u2013166.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Rybakov B.A. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ob oshibkakh v izuchenii istorii Kryma i o zadachakh dal&#8217;neishikh issledovanii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[On mistakes in studying the history of Crimea and on the tasks of further research]. Simferopol, Krymizdat Publ., 1952, 17 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Smirnov V.D. Tatar-Khan labels from the collection of the Taurida Scientific Archive Commission. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Izvestiia Tavricheskoi uchenoi arkhivnoi komissii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[News of Taurida Scientific Archive Commission],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Simferopol, 1918, vol. 54, pp. 1\u201319.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kefeli A.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> Sivri Sienek Saz. Sbornik muzykal\u2019nogo fol\u2019klora krymskikh karaimov<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Collection of musical folklore of the Crimean Karaites]. Simferopol, 2018, 432 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Solodukhina T.G. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Iudeiskie obshchiny siriiskikh provintsii Osmanskoi imperii kak ob\u2019ekt vliianiia velikikh derzhav v kontse XVIII \u2013 seredine XIX v. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Jewish communities of the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire as an object of influence of the great powers in the late 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 mid-19<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries]. Abstract of kandidat. diss. Moscow, 2017, 29 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Tereshchuk N.M. The relationship of religious communities of non-Christian confessions with the bodies of Soviet power in the 1920s. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>V poiskah utrachennogo edinstva <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[In search of the lost unity], Simferopol, Krymskii arkhiv Publ., 2005, pp. 217\u2013226.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Tikhonov A.K. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Politika Rossiiskoi imperii po otnosheniiu k katolikam, musul\u2019manam, iudeiam v poslednei chetverti XVIII \u2013 nachale XX v. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[The policy of the Russian Empire in relation to Catholics, Muslims, Jews in the last quarter of the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 early 20<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries]. Text of doctor. diss. St.-Petersburg, 2007, 495 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Abdul\u2019vaap N. (ed.). <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ukazatel\u2019 rukopisnykh i staropechatnykh knig, peredannykh v 1976 g. iz Bakhchisaraiskogo istoriko-arkheologicheskogo muzeia v Gosudarstvennuiu Publichnuiu biblioteku im. M.E. Saltykova-Shchedrina <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Index of handwritten and early printed books transferred in 1976 from the Bakhchisarai Historical and Archaeological Museum to the State Public Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin]. Simferopol, Dolia Publ., 2007, 160 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fedorchuk A.M. Jewish necropolises of Crimea: history of research and current state. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Evroaziatskii evreiskii ezhegodnik \u2013 5768 (2007\/2008) <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Eurasian Jewish Yearbook \u2013 5768 (2007\/2008)], Moscow, Pallada Publ., 2008, pp. 212\u2013227.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fel\u2019dman D.Z. RGADA documents on the history of the Crimean Karaites of the 18<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u201319<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries: the experience of archival research. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istochnikovedenie i istoriografiia istorii Kryma XV\u2013XVIII vv.: problemy i perspektivy<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Source study and historiography of the history of the Crimea in the 15<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">\u201318<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries: problems and prospects], Simferopol, Mediacentr im. Gasprinskogo Publ., 2016, pp. 493\u2013506.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fel\u2019dman D.Z., Kapkov K.G. On rewarding the leaders of Jewish and Karaite communities during the reign of Emperor Nicholas II. Budnitskii O.V. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Arkhiv evreiskoi istorii<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> [Archives of Jewish history], Moscow, Politicheskaia entsiklopediia Publ., 2016, vol., 8, pp.130\u2013155.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fel\u2019dman D.Z., Peters D.I. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Na pol\u2019zu Otechestva. O zaslugakh evreev Rossiiskoi imperii i ikh nagrazhdenii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[For the benefit of the Fatherland. On the merits of the Jews of the Russian Empire and their reward]. Moscow, Dom evreiskoi knigi Publ., 2016, 324 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Chizhova L.V. Karaites. Kozlov S.Ia., Chizhova L.V. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tiurkskie narody Kryma: Karaimy. Krymskie tatary. Krymchaki <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Turkic peoples of the Crimea: Karaites. Crimean Tatars. Krymchaks],<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2003, pp. 12\u2013135. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. \u201cSong of Mangup\u201d of 1793: an unknown source on the history of the Karaites of Crimea. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Vestnik Evreiskogo universiteta <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Bulletin of the Jewish University], 2002, vol. 7 (25), pp. 283\u2013294.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. Yitzhak Sangari, Sangarit, Bezalel Stern and Avraham Firkovich: the story of two fake inscriptions. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Materials in archaeology, history and ethnography of Tauria], Simferopol, 2003, vol. 10, pp. 533\u2013555.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. The current state of a number of colophon additions on biblical manuscripts from the first collection of A.C. Firkovich. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Materialy odinnadtsatoi ezhegodnoi mezhdunarodnoi mezhdistsiplinarnoi konferentsii po iudaike <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International Interdisciplinary Conference on Jewish Studies], Moscow, 2004, vol. 1, pp. 102\u2013130. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. Jews in the Northern Black Sea Region from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Kulik A. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Istoriia evreiskogo naroda v Rossii: ot drevnosti do rannego novogo vremeni <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[History of the Jewish People in Russia: from Antiquity to the Early Modern Age], vol. 1, Jerusalem, Gesharim Publ., Moscow, Mosty kul\u2019tury Publ., 2010, pp. 13\u201343.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Iablonovs\u2019ka N.V. Bulletin \u201cMy\u015bl karaimska\u201d: coverage of the life of the Karaite community of Crimea. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tvorch<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> ta organ<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>zac<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>in<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> osoblyvost<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> funkc<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>onuvannia suchasnogo med<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><i>\u0456<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>inogo prostoru <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Creative and organizational features of the functioning of the modern media space], 2008, vol. 2, pp. 315\u2013321. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Iakerson S.M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Evreiskaja rukopisnaia i pervopechatnaia kniga X\u2013XV vv. kak istoriko-kul&#8217;turnyi istochnik <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Jewish manuscript and first printed book of the 10<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> \u2013 15<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> centuries as a historical and cultural source]. Text of doctor. diss. St.-Petersburg, 2005, 461 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Iakerson S.M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Ot bukvy k litere: ocherki po istorii evreiskoi srednevekovoi knigi <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[From letter to type: essays on the history of the Jewish medieval book]. St.-Petersburg, Kontrast Publ., 2016, 391 p. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Akhiezer G. The Karaite Isaac ben Abraham of Troki and His Polemics against the Rabbanites. Goodblatt C., Kreisel H. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tradition, Heterodoxy and Religious Culture: Judaism and Christianity in the Early Modern Period<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press, 2007, pp. 437\u2013468.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Akhiezer G. Historical Research and Forgeries in the Age of Nationalism: The Case of the Russian Empire between Jews and Russians. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>East European Jewish Affairs<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 2018, vol. 48, 2, pp. 101\u2013117.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Akhiezer G. Intellectual Life and Cultural Milieu of Jewish Communities in the Medieval Kaffa and Solkhat. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>AJS Review<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 2019, vol. 43, iss. 1, pp. 1\u201321.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Akhiezer G. Between Samaritans and Karaites: Abraham Firkovich and His Perception of Samaritanism. Dusek J. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>The Samaritans in Historical, Cultural and Linguistic Perspectives<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Studia Samaritana 11, Studia Judaica 110, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Berlin, Boston, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">2018, pp. 235\u2013244.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Akhiezer G. Karaites in Poland Lithuania until the 17<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> Century. Kulik A. (ed.),<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>History of the Jews in Russia from the Modern Times to the Early Modern Ages<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Jerusalem, Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History Publ., 2010, pp. 233\u2013258.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Ankori Z. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaites in Byzantium: The Formative Years, 970\u20131100<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. New York, Jerusalem, 1959, 546 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Bartal I. Eastern European Haskalah and the Karaites: Christian Hebraism and Imperial Politics. Shapira D.Y., Lasker D.J. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Kara\u2019ei mizrakh Eiropa ba-dorot ha-akharonim<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Jerusalem, Ben-Zvi Institute Publ., 2011, pp. 57\u201367.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kaplanov R.M. Karaite ethnic identity in Russia and Poland in the XX century. Mochalova V. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Rashid Muradovich Kaplanov: Trudy. Interv&#8217;iu. Vospominaniia <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Rashid Muradovich Kaplanov: Works. Interview. Memories], \u041coscow, Probel-2000 Publ., 2011, p. 152.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fedorchuk A., Shapira D.Y. The Tombstone Inscriptions \u2116\u2116 1\u2013326 from the Book Avnei Zikkaron by Avraham Firkowicz, According to their Authentic Texts and with their Real Dates (in hebrew). Shapira D.Y., Lasker D.J. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Eastern European Karaites in the Last Generations<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Jerusalem, 2011, pp. 11\u201335.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Fedorchuk A. Jewish Tombstone Inscriptions from the Crimean Peninsula in the First Ottoman Century (1475\u20131577). Shapira D.Y., Lasker D.J. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Eastern European Karaites in the Last Generations<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Jerusalem, 2011, pp. 37\u201382.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Harviainen T. Abraham Firkovich and the Karaite Community in Jerusalem in 1864. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Manuscripta Orientalia: International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research 2<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. St.-Petersburg, Helsinki, Thesa Publ., 1998, vol. 4, June, pp. 66\u201370.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Harviainen T. Abraham Firkovich as a Collector of Dispersed Minorities and Their Manuscripts in the Light of His Archive in St. Petersburg. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Jewish Studies. Journal of the World Union of Jewish Studies<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Jerusalem, 1999, vol. 39, pp. 97\u2013106.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Harviainen T., Halen H. An 1843 Karaim Dowry List from the Crimea \u2013 Turkic in Hebrew Appearance. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Studia Orientalia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 2009, vol. 108, pp. 267\u2013282.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Jankowski H. The contents of Katyk\u2019s mejuma. Tenishev E.R., Dybo A.V., Tadinov R.A. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Tiurkskaia i smezhnaia leksikologiia i leksikografiia. Sbornik k 70-letiiu Kenesbaia Musaeva <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">[Turkic and related lexicology and lexicography. Collection for the 70<\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">th<\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"> anniversary of Kenesbay Musaev], <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\">\u041c<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">oscow, 2004, pp. 103\u2013119.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Jankowski H. Karaim mejumas in Eupatoria. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Unknown Treasures of the Altaic World in Libraries, Archives and Museums. 53<\/i><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>rd<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> Annual Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg, July 25\u201330, 2010<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Berlin, Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2013, pp. 246.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Polliack M. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaite Judaism. 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Leiden, Boston, Brill, 2011, 810 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaites Through the Travelers\u2019 Eyes: Ethnic History, Traditional Culture and Everyday Life of the Crimean Karaites According to the Description of the Travelers<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. N.Y., Al-Qirqisani Center for the Promotion of Karaite Studies, 2003, 270 \u0440.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kizilov M. T<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>he Karaites of Galicia: an Ethnoreligious Minority among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772\u20131945<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Leiden, Boston, 2009, 458 \u0440.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Lucca P. I caraiti nella Crimea imperiale russa. Rappresentazioni e costruzioni identitarie. Ferrari A., Pupulin E. (eds.),<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i> La Crimea tra Russia, Italia e Impero ottoman, <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Venezia, Edizioni Ca\u2019 Foscari \u2013 Digital Publ., 2017, pp. 69\u201390. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Mann J. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Texts and Studies in Jewish History and Literature. Vol. II. \u1e32araitica<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America, 1935. XXIII, 1600 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Mann J. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Texts and studies in Jewish history and Literature<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Introduction by Gerson D. Cohen. Vol. 1. New York, Ktav Publishing House, 1972, 99, 728 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Mann J. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Texts and studies in Jewish history and Literature<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Introduction by Gerson D. Cohen. Vol. II. New York, Ktav Publishing House, 1972. 23, 1600 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Miller P. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaite Separatism in Nineteenth-Century Russia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Cincinnati, Hebrew Union College Press, 1993, 252 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Miller Ph. Agenda in Karaite printing in the Crimea during the Middle Third of the Nineteenth Century. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Studies in Bibliography and Booklore<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 1998, vol. 20, pp. 82\u201388.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Nosonovsky M. Old Jewish Cemeteries in Ukraine: History, Monuments, Epitaphs. Chlenov M. 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Folk beliefs, mystics and superstitions in Ashkenazi and Karaite tombstone inscriptions from Ukraine. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Markers<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, 2009, vol. 26, pp. 120\u2013147.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Olszowy-Schlanger J. Early Karaite Family Law.<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Polliack M. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaite Judaism. A Guide to Its History and Literary Sources<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Leiden, Brill, 2003, pp. 275\u2013289.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Olszowy-Schlanger J. Karaite Legal Documents.<\/span><\/span><i> <\/i><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Polliack M. (ed.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Karaite Judaism. A Guide to Its History and Literary Sources<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Leiden, Brill, 2003, pp. 255\u2013274.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Avraham Firkowicz in Istanbul (1830\u20131832): paving the way for Turkic nationalism<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Ankara, KaraM Publ., 2003, 120 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Shapira D. On Firkowicz, Forgeries and Forging Jewish Identities. Bak J.M., Geary P.J., Klaniczay G. (eds.), <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Manufacturing a Past for the Present. Forgery and Authenticity in Medievalist Texts and Objects in Nineteenth-Century Europe<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">, Leiden, Boston, Brill, 2015, pp. 156\u2013169.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Szyszman S. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Les karaites d\u2019Europe<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">. Uppsala, Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes multiethniques de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Upsal, 1989, 94 p.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Tsaytshrift \/ \u010casopis is the Belarusian peer-reviewed annual journal for Jewish studies. Available at: https:\/\/tsaytshrift.blogspot.com\/?view=magazine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"western\" align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\">Kwartalnik Historii \u017byd\u00f3w. Available at: https:\/\/www.jhi.pl\/nauka\/kwartalnik-historii-zydow.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":1355,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1607","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["ru","en"],"languages":{"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1609,"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1607\/revisions\/1609"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1355"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maiet.cfuv.ru\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}